Saturday, November 30, 2019

Psychological and Psychophysiological Stress Disorders free essay sample

Respond to the following: 1. Stress can be the root cause of psychological disorders. Name four symptoms shared by acute and posttraumatic stress disorders. The 4 symptoms shared by acute and posttraumatic stress disorders are nightmares or the re-experiencing of the traumatic event through a dream cycle, avoiding the situation that relates to the traumatic event on purpose, feelings of disassociation and reduced responsiveness to things that were once pleasurable, and finally Increased anxiety and guilt that causes a person not to sleep or possible emotional. 2. What life events are most likely to trigger a stress disorder? Acute stress disorder or ASD usually happens within four weeks of the event. Post traumatic stress disorder or PTSD can occur months or even years after a traumatic incidents and persist for a long period of time if left untreated. The trigger for both of these can include realistic fears and unrealistic fears; for example, murder or harm to a loved one, world ending, perceived threats, over exposure to negative media, robbery, death, and rape or just a few stress triggers that cause ASD and PTSD. We will write a custom essay sample on Psychological and Psychophysiological Stress Disorders or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page 3. Traumatic events do not always result in a diagnosable psychological disorder. What factors determine how a person may be affected by one such event? The factors that determine a person’s resistance to traumatic events is their overall ability to handle stress and trauma and biology. With the issue of handling stress some individuals can psychologically be very strong due to their upbringing, influences, or oval determination. In the matter of biological a person’s brain chemistry can be affected by trauma causing an individual to have stress responses. Personality traits can be a factor causing a person to be highly resistant or susceptible to traumatic events. 4. What are the four stages in meeting the psychological needs of disaster victims? First is pre-impact, this is the beginning when a disaster poses no immediate threat but prompts mitigation and preparedness activities. Second is impact, this is the period when the disaster event takes place. Third is post-impact, or the period immediately after the impact up to the beginning of recovery. Fourth and final is recovery, or the period in which disaster survivors are working toward restoration of their pre-disaster state. 5. What is the link between personality styles and heart disease? There are basically two different types of personalities, type A and type B. Type A basically tries to everything, usually aggressive, competitive, anxious and impatient. Type B is passive, happy and content. Most people have a healthy balance of both but if your personality is too much to the A side then your chance for heart disease is greater; the reason for this Type A personalities are stressed and most of the time overworked therefore their diets are not healthy and their sleep pa tterns are not consistent. All these factors contribute to heart disease and other complications in the future. 6. List and briefly describe four psychological treatments for physical disorders. There are many different treatments being used to help individuals with physical disorders. Different form of medications and therapy is constantly being used. The psychological treatments noted that in my opinion seem the most effective is Hypnosis, Insight therapy and support groups, Cognitive intervention and Combination approach. Hypnosis is used to put an individual in a sleep like state to help them remember lost events in their lives and analyze the past. Insight therapy reduces a person’s negative feelings like anger and helps them heal physically and mentally. Cognitive intervention, is training individuals to have happy and positive thoughts. Finally the combination approach is teaching an individual relaxation and biofeedback methods to help individuals; this is very helpful with individuals with high blood pressure.

Tuesday, November 26, 2019

Effectiveness Essays - Conversation, Oral Communication, Free Essays

Effectiveness Essays - Conversation, Oral Communication, Free Essays Effectiveness I consider my ability to communicate verbally to be just okay. There are a few reasons why I would evaluate myself this way. One is that I have a tendency to mumble. It is possible that I mumble because I try to talk too fast. I do not know why I try to talk so fast. I realize that I have this problem and when I carry on a conversation I try to slow my speech down so that it can be understood. Another problem that I have with communicating is that I talk soft or quietly. I try to speak loud enough for people to understand what I am saying. When I start talking really fast and quiet whom ever I am talking with will ask me to repeat myself, and it bugs me. I would like to perfect my speaking voice. I feel I can communicate well with other people because when I speak people tend to listen what I say. When the person I am talking to speaks to me I give them my attention in return. I feel that if a conversation lacks the attention of one of the people communicating then there is no real communication going on. I feel that I do a good job of keeping peoples attention when I speak that is, unless I am mumbling. There is more to communicating then just the speech part. The ability to listen plays almost as big a role as the verbal part. I feel I am an excellent listener and that helps out my communication skills. I am sure that my listening skills could use fine-tuning, but that is also a reason that I am in this class. My occupation goal is to be a psychiatrist so my listening skills need to be superb. These are the reasons that I feel that I can communicate okay. I would like to work on my ability to communicate better. I feel that my communication skills should be excellent. I am sure there are many ways in which my communication skills could be adjusted that I am not aware of and hopefully by the end of this class they will be brought to my attention.

Friday, November 22, 2019

Panama Papers

Panama Papers HUGE LEAK OF INFORMATION REVEALS WHAT WORLDS ELITE WANTS TO HIDE Tax evasion in the form of offshore accounts and companies has been relatively common among the wealthy elite for a long time. The Panama Papers have revealed the extent of the corruption involved. The law firm and corporate services provider Mossack Fonseca has been protecting its clients’ information for a long time, and there has been a tremendous offshore records leak as of late. The massive leak of documents that have come to be known as the Panama Papers, because Mossack Fonseca is based in Panama, have revealed that the world’s wealthy elite has been evading taxation and committing fraud to a degree that has stunned the whole world. These papers have provided authorities with information on 214,488 offshore actors. FINANCIAL REWARDS ARE THE ONLY WAY TO GAIN EMPLOYEE LOYALTY The People Implicated by the Panama Papers The Panama Papers are truly shocking in terms of their scope. There are 11.5 million records here, and they are full of the accounts of illegal activities of billionaires, drug traffickers, politicians, professional athletes, and celebrities. Football player Lionel Messi and famous actor Jacki Chan are among their ranks. There are at least 128 public officials and politicians involved, including the king of Saudi Arabia, six members of the House of Lords in the United Kingdom, and the prime ministers of Pakistan and Iceland. More than two hundred people with American addresses alone have shown up in these documents. In many cases, the families of politicians were involved, such as the children of the Azerbaijan president. At least 33 of the people and companies that have been implicated have been involved with terrorist organizations, rogue nations, or drug lords. One bitterly ironic facet of the scandal is the fact that public leaders who have become famous for trying to end corruption have also been involved. Chinese leader Xi Jinping’s family is connected to the documents, as is the father of British Prime Minister David Cameron. It is possible that some of these people are victims of circumstances and that they have not benefited from the shady dealings of their families, but it is equally possible that they partly managed to get away with what they did because it was through their family members. It does seem that a great deal of these people have been using trusted individuals to take the risk when it comes to laundering money for them, particularly people like President Putin. At this point in the scandal, some of the people accused or involved with those who were accused are coming forward. Overall, they have been trying to weasel out of their responsibilities. Vladimir Putin has said that the allegations were just designed to discredit the people involved and cause instability in Russia. The Icelandic prime minister has resigned over this scandal, and this scandal may change Iceland’s public image for a long time. HOW HUMAN DIGNITY IS VALUED WITHIN THE ACADEMIC SPHERE Mossack Fonseca’s Involvement In an International Corruption Scandal Up until recently, Mossack Fonseca was an obscure corporate service provider and law firm that was located in Panama but with a few dozen branches and offices throughout the world. It is the fourth largest offshore law firm in the world, but it never really rose to prominence in the general public consciousness. Today, this is a law firm and corporate service provider that is going to go down in history as being one of the most infamous and corrupt organizations in the world. There are lots of documents to go through that will illuminate exactly what Mossack Fonseca did for their clients. However, overall, they worked to keep a huge amount of information related to their clients’ financial records secret. They have removed paper records and erased electronic records in the wake of potential legal troubles for their clients. They backdate documents in order to help their clients cheat in financial transactions. In fact, clients have actually paid them to backdate documents, so there is no doubt that many of these clients knew about this practice and actively encouraged it. Law firms are allowed to give their clients a high degree of confidentiality, but it is safe to say that Mossack Fonseca has abused that privilege in every way. The International Community Responds to the Panama Offshore Records Leak The Panama Papers scandal is shaping up to be one of the defining moments of the twenty-first century. The international community has jumped on it. Journalists all around the world are working together in order to investigate Mossack Fonseca more thoroughly. This issue has managed to bring journalists together in a way that was completely unprecedented. Law enforcement officials from all over the world are launching their own investigations into Mossack Fonseca and everyone connected to the law firm. Brazil has been particularly active when it comes to uncovering the scandal and bringing the people responsible to justice. They are investigating former president Luiz Inacio Lula da Silva and current president Dilma Rousseff may lose her position as a result of this scandal. Employees at the Brazilian office of Mossack Fonseca have been arrested, and Brazil is continuing to respond to this problem. Other countries that have Mossack Fonseca offices are launching more of their own investigations. ACADEMIC INTELLECTUAL IN POLITICS This scandal has tremendous implications for people all around the world. High London property prices have been linked to the fact that these wealthy people have been able to buy up the best properties in the area while evading the local taxes and using cached wealth. Some people have discussed this issue in terms of the Great Recession, wondering about the link between ongoing economic troubles and the Panama Papers. Of course, the scandal has also revived the old debate about privacy and access to information in a technological society, with some people raising concerns about the broader implications about the leak and not just the results of the leak. Other sources are celebrating the incident as an example of a new form of activism that is only possible in the Information Age, and which will stop the rich and the powerful from guarding all of their ignoble secrets. The situation raises all sorts of questions about the amount of wealth that has been siphoned away from governments all around the world as a result of all of this offshore tax evasion. Norway, Spain, Germany, Australia, and France are all looking into the issue from the taxation perspective, partly in the hopes of recovering some of the money that their respective governments are owed. There is no telling how all of the recovered wealth might affect the economy, or whether the costs of the investigation are going to counteract all of the potential financial benefits.

Wednesday, November 20, 2019

Building Effective Teams Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Building Effective Teams - Essay Example While age is protected to a limited degree from job discrimination, Ace needs to do more to reap the benefits from the experience that age can offer. With a diverse age group, we can gain from the energy and creativity of youth while also realizing the rewards of age and experience. Along with temperament and seasoned judgment, the older person can perform at above average levels. Robbins, 2003, dispels the common misperception of lowered output with age when he contends, "...[E]vidence demonstrates a positive relationship between seniority and job productivity" (p 40). The older staff can get new ideas from the younger members, while the younger can grow with the help of coaching by the more senior team members. People from a wide range of ethnic backgrounds are mandatory in today's global marketplace. Not only can they be knowledgeable about culture specific traditions and customs, they may prove invaluable in certain sales situations where trust may be an issue. Bahry, Kosolapov, Kozyreva, and Wilson, 2005, concluded that, "...such generalized trust is far more common in ethnically homogeneous than in more diverse societies".

Tuesday, November 19, 2019

A Savage Wisdom by Norman German Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

A Savage Wisdom by Norman German - Essay Example Calloway for which she would die by the electric chair. The year between when McQuiston met and married her husband Claude â€Å"cowboy† Henry and the murder of Calloway were full of extremely rash acts of passion and desperation. Though this is factual, German is able to capably and masterfully depict McQuiston as a woman full of fire and enduring love before illustrating her as a murderess. German creates a backdrop of colorful Louisiana history while telling a story of ‘Toni Jo‘, a woman who falls in love with the very businessman that she is in real life, guilty of sleighing with a single gunshot to the back of the head. German paints a fictional view of ‘Toni Jo Henry’ as a popular girl who emerges from the depression; who finds herself in love with a man who would soon betray her. Certainly, the 25 chapter novel is quite a bit different from the actual events surrounding the life of McQuiston (Toni Jo Henry), but if nothing else, it lends a different rendition of how the story could have very well played out. The historical landmark of McQuiston’s tale is certainly, that she was the first and only woman to have ever been sentenced to die by electric chair in Louisiana, having actually served out her sentence. McQuiston was indeed a woman of beauty, based on the historical photographs which have been preserved, of her. German builds upon this feature possessed by McQuiston such that she was able to succeed with as much as she did based on the merit of her looks. If anything, this may be the downfall of the piece. Certainly, the acts of McQuiston are reprehensible and lend nothing to be dismissed or excused; but she deserves to be remembered as being intelligent; albeit deviously so, before being remembered as a fair beauty. The depiction of McQuiston is certainly meant to be fictional, and is done in a brilliant capacity; but the novel may at times, attribute much of her ability to have gotten as

Saturday, November 16, 2019

Islamic Extremists Essay Example for Free

Islamic Extremists Essay Nearly everyone has heard about Islam and the Arab world. In addition, many countries have already faced issues with the Muslim believers. Islam has caused problems, terrorist attacks, anti-democracy all over the world. They were also very successful in sending a message of who they truly are. People who are literally obedient to the Islamic faith are called Islamic Extremists. People, who are of the Islamic faith however desire to survive in peace without tribulations are not considered obedient or dutiful to the Islamic faith, these people are called moderate Muslims. Therefore, the Islamic religious extremists are the major group in Islam who follow the Qur’an word for word and create extreme violence that moderate Muslims do not. Islamic extremism started in Egypt in the late 1920s. During the inter-war years, the country was occupied by the British military. The Nationalist Wafd movement, led by Saad Zaghloul, opposed the presence of the British, as would anyone whose country is being occupied by a foreign military power. (A brief history of Islamic extremism) In 1928, Hassan al-Banna established the term â€Å"The Muslim Brotherhood† which was the first Islamist movement. The British government supported the nascent movement in an attempt to counterbalance the Nationalists. In modern Egyptian politics, the Muslim Brotherhood is the largest opposition party to Hosni Mubaraks National Democratic Party. Mubarak has been in power since the assassination of Anwar Sadat in 1981. The Muslim Brotherhood has always been illegal, and, over the years, thousands of its members have been imprisoned by the Egyptian government. (A brief history of Islamic extremism) The ideology of the early Brotherhood is very similar to that of Islamist groups today they denounced the Egyptian government as secular and regarded Egyptian society in terms of â€Å"jahaliya† or a barbaric, pre-Islamic society not based on Islamic sharia law. Sayyed Qutb, an Egyptian intellectual associated with the Muslim Brotherhood, wrote a book called Maalim fil Tariq ( Signposts on the Road), which proved to be highly influential on the thinking of modern Islamists. Qutb wrote the book in 1964 while in prison; 2 years later he was executed by hanging. (A brief history of Islamic extremism) In the late 1970s, the CIA financed and trained the mujahideen (Holy Warriors) in order to fight a proxy war with the Soviet army, which had invaded Afghanistan in 1979. Training, funding and the provision of arms to the mujahideen was carried out covertly via Pakistan and Saudi Arabia; one of the so-called Afghan Arabs who was trained by the U.S. was a young man called Osama bin Laden. (A brief history of Islamic extremism) In the recent years, Bangladesh was suspected of becoming a haven and breeding ground for Islamic terrorist groups with links to Al-Qaida. Domestic Islamic extremist groups are said to funnel Al-Qaida money, arms, and fighters through the country. In March 1999, IOJ chairman Amini told a public meeting: â€Å"We are for Osama [bin Ladin], we are for the Taliban, and we will be in government in 2000 through an Islamic revolution.† (Zuckerbrot-Finkelstein, B.) Bangladeshi support for Osama bin Ladin and Al-Qaida rose following the September 11 attacks and the subsequent American assault on the Taliban in Afghanistan. The U.S. conveyed its displeasure with Dhaka’s failure to quell anti-American, pro-Osama bin Ladin rallies in the wake of the American attack on Afghanistan. In November 2001, IOJ’s Amini said: â€Å"Osama bin Ladin is loved by the Bangladeshi people. Everyone respects him and considers him to be a leader of Muslims.† (Zuckerbrot-Finkelstein, B.) The political characteristics of Islam are derived from the Quran, the Sunna (the sayings and living habits of Muhammad), Muslim history, and sometimes elements of political movements outside Islam. Out of the Muslim Brotherhood, recently derived a group called The Muslim Salafeyeen. The Salafeyeen act ridiculously much worse than the Muslim Brotherhood. They have the same mentality as the Muslim Brotherhood; however, they go even beyond the expectations of the Quran’s teachings. For example the Muslim Brotherhood has the word politics in their dictionary, which means they can have political relationships with the westerners but that is to use their help for their own good, such as Saudi Arabia. They also base and enforce the law of the Qur’an on the people. On the flipside, the Salafeyeen do not have the word politics in their dictionary and the way they communicate is through severe violence even on their own people. For example their rule goes as follows: thieves must have their hands cut off, a curser’s tongue must be cut off, an adulterous must be killed with the edge of the sword, and so on with all the sinners. Their judgments are pretty extreme. They currently have a small group in Egypt. There is no research found about them yet, however information has been spread through word of mouth and people’s experiences in the recent days in Egypt. The Salafeyeen have been around and they are very few still. It is not long until the cancer is spread everywhere. Numerous terrorist tribes have eventually been spread all over the world. The Muslim Brotherhood has created a private group in each country who follow their plan. Therefore, every so often, the nation receives news about occurring devastations they have caused. Since the Muslim Brotherhood considers violence is the only method to spread or impose their religion on many countries, they had specifically chosen the United States of America to perform their violence attacks. The United States is currently considered the most powerful country in the world. If they had specifically chosen the United States, their goal is then revealed. The Muslim Brotherhood’s ambition is to attain the power of the United States and rule it. If they conquer this power, they most likely conquered the world. It is not difficult for anyone to figure this exposition. The terrorist attack that occurred in September eleventh of two thousand and one was mainly the first attack the caught the world’ s awareness. Prior to that, the nation was familiar about Islam and the Muslim Brotherhood; however they did not have enough knowledge in regards of whom they truly are. Throughout the years, the Muslim Brotherhood has determined that terrorism would be the only method used to communicate with the world. They have successfully sent out messages about their goals, which are to limit the world in education, political views, democratic views, etc. For example, the Islamic beliefs strain a woman of her basic rights. A woman is not allowed to go to school for education. According to the Shahih Bukhari 1.6.301, Volume 1, Book 6, Number 301: Narrated Abu Said Al-Khudri: Once Allahs Apostle went out to the Musalla (to offer the prayer) o Id-al-Adha or Al-Fitr prayer. Then he passed by the women and said, O women! Give alms, as I have seen that the majority of the dwellers of Hell-fire were you (women). They asked, Why is it so, O Allahs Apostle? He replied, I have not seen anyone more deficient in intell igence and religion than you. A cautious sensible man could be led astray by some of you. The women asked, O Allahs Apostle! What is deficient in our intelligence and religion? He said, Is not the evidence of two women equal to the witness of one man? They replied in the affirmative. He said, This is the deficiency in her intelligence. Isnt it true that a woman can neither pray nor fast during her menses? The women replied in the affirmative. He said, This is the deficiency in her religion. Their mentality is very limited in arguments as well. Their beliefs are against freedom of speech, religion, expression, even the Internet because it allows arguments, knowledge, and education and mostly everything that has to do with the human rights. All of their arguments must go back to the Shari’a (law) of Islam, which prevents all these rights. The Shari’a of Islam calls for men to beat their wives. According to 004.034 YUSUFALI: Men are the protectors and maintainers of women, because Allah has given the one more (strength) than the other, and because they support them from their means. Therefore the righteous women are devoutly obedient, and guard in (the husbands) absence what Allah would have them guard. As to those women on whose part ye fear disloyalty and ill-conduct, admonish them (first), (Next), refuse to share their beds, (And last) beat them; but if they return to obedience, seek not against them Means (of annoyance). This type of mentality creates a violence animalistic society. People develop these violent skills through the enforcement of such laws which leads to terrorism. Imagine there is lack of education, freedom of arguments, speech, expression, religion, anti-democracy etc. how will anyone be able to learn, be fair, balanced in thoughts, unprejudiced or even survive in peace? It is certainly impractical. Therefore, to overcome the mentality of terrorism, the nation must understand what Islam and the Qur’an truly teaches Islamists. Some of the Qur’an’s teachings are mostly about the infidels (unbelievers) and how all of them will end up in Hell. According to the teachings of the Qur’an verses freely and blithely mentions: Do not take unbeli evers as friends; caution is necessary to befriend the unbelievers3:28. It is not honourable to take unbelievers as friends4:139. Do not take unbelievers as friends4:144. Believers are not to take the Jews and Christians as friends and protectors; if any believer (i.e. Muslim) turns to them then he also becomes a Jew or a Christian5:51. Real friends are God, His apostle (Muhammad) and the fellowship of pious and charitable believers5:55. Gods wrath and torments is for befriending the unbelievers5:80. Whoever seeks the friendship of evil people will be lead to the penalty of fire22:3. Cannot be on terms of secret intimacy or be friendly with the enemies of faith 60:1. This is the very own words of Qur’an that Islamists follow. Some Islamists who live in the west will even criticize their folks for buying a tiny Christmas tree just for the little children or even for attending Christmas parties. They will even go a step further in declaring that the westerners must learn from them (the Muslim migrants) and not the other way around. At this time, since the Qur’an never called for peace, it is underst andable why those Islamists act the way they do. The supreme rage of the Islamists is reserved for the way the western women dress, work and lives. Many Muslim women are deviously forced to wear hijab just to demonstrate to the infidel women the superior chastity of Muslim women. Ten years ago, it was rare to find a hijabi woman in any streets of Europe or the U.S. The situation is quite different now. Any rail-station, shopping center, eating stall, college, university, etc., will regularly notice a hijabi woman standing nearby. Many Islamists openly declare that all Muslim women must cover themselves in (ugly) hijab and cloak no matter what others may think of them. This is because these Muslim women will become the shining examples or beacon of femininity, chastity, and Islamic beauty to the infidel women and they (the infidel women) will eventually follow the Muslim women and happily wear the Muslim garb. These Islamists are absolutely certain that these infidel women will one day, surely be covered by Islamic hijab. Why? Because, Allah has ordained it-one day the entire world will become an Ummah (Islamic community) of some sort. They have no doubt on this. At this point, it is understandable why Islamic extremists commit their terrorism attacks. Their goal is to spread and enforce Islam in the whole world. Research has proved through the very own words of Qur’an and Hadith, action has proved it through terrorism attacks of the infidels (unbelievers), and their day-to-day routine dressing up in the Muslim garb. Many will argue it is not a problem if their religion inquires their women to dress and look that way. They are partially right, only if their purpose is to dress that way and nothing more. However based on research, even modern Islamists are called Islamists because they believe in Islamic Shari’a and law. They have an idea of what Islam is about and if they still call themselves Muslims, they are considered under the same category of religion. They have partially the same thoughts; they may not be interested in murdering, however they will never take a westerner as a friend, unless the westerner becomes a Muslim. This type of thinking is not in any way beneficial for a modern society. In a modern society, it encourages one to look, act, and think in a certain way. This way is not to enforce negative thoughts, beliefs on anyone. It is to encourage education, positive thoughts, and the acting of professionalism with one another. The best method in reaching a solution for the world is to understand that Islam is now spread in many places. Islam has become a whole mentality that people follow not fairly a religion. Islam currently starts in early stages of humans’ lives. A child is raised up receiving hate and all types of negative thoughts, which later develops in his/her core. Therefore, terrorism is never ending; in fact it improves by the days. At this time, there is no way around to end terrorism, but there are ways to make it less occurring in the world. Educating people, and youth on how terrorism started, and how the world perceives it as a negative act will help them understand the concept of terrorism. Also through education, people will have the need to protect their country and defend it. No one is willing to live in a country that is controlled by terrorists. Neither will anyone be willing to limit their thoughts, expression, education, freedom of worship, or personal decisions. In conclusion, Islamic extremists have attempted to impose their religious beliefs on the world. This happens through their violent attacks almost in every western country. The only method to stop this violence is to allow people to understand the true meaning of Islam. This is to educate people about Islam and Muslim extremists in the early stages of life. It is also essential to help the nation learn how the modern Muslims differ from those extremists. Through education, a solution can come into view on how we can end these bloody violent tribes. Even if it takes time, months and years, it can still take a major affect on the long run. References Bas, N. J. (2004). Wahhabi Islam: From Revival and Reform to Global Jihad. Oxford: Oxford University Press, USA. BukhaÌ„riÌ„, M. i. (1981). Shahih Bukhari. Jakarta: Penerbit Widjaya. Darwish, N. (2006). Now they call me infidel: why I renounced jihad for America, Israel, and the War on Terror. New York, N.Y.: Sentinel. Jonas, G. (2007). Reflections on Islam: ideas, opinions, arguments. Toronto: Key Porter Books. Katel, P. (2010). Homegrown jihadists: can Muslim terrorists in the U.S. mount serious attacks?. Washington, DC: Congressional Quarterly. The Big Think Tank: A brief history of Islamic extremism. (2006, April 25). The Big Think Tank. Retrieved April 6, 2011, from http://thebigthinktank.blogspot.com/2006/04/brief-history-of-islamic-extremism.html Quran Shariff. (1978). S.l.: [s.n.]. Yuan, M. (2005). Women in Islam. Detroit: Greenhaven Press/Thomson-Gale. YouTube 2 year old Muslim Girl answers Questions on Islam. (n.d.). YouTube Broadcast Yourself. Retrieved April 20, 2011, from http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8Tfh2PnvTnYfeature=related Zuckerbrot-Finkelstein, B. (2007, January 10). Islamic Extremism and Terrorism in Bangladesh-American Jewish Committee. Home-American Jewish Committee. Retrieved April 7, 2011, from http://www.ajc.org/site/apps/nlnet/content3.aspx?c=ijITI2PHKoGb=3133321ct=

Thursday, November 14, 2019

Irving Kristols Pornograpy, Obscenity, and hte Case for Censorship Ess

Irving Kristol's Pornograpy, Obscenity, and hte Case for Censorship After reading Irving Kristol’s essay called Pornography, Obscenity, and the Case for Censorship, we found positive and negative examples concluding his research. Kristol makes major claims throughout the course of his essay. A few examples of these major claims are in paragraphs [7-9] when he uses a story about an old man in a hospital ward, dying an agonizing death. The old man loses control of his bowels, and they empty themselves on him. Kristol states that this is a private moment that should be kept private. Kristol asks the reader to think about this sad scenario and what it would be like to see this on television. Kristol relates the claim to sex, saying that it is a private moment and shouldn’t be viewed by the public. He says viewers wouldn’t want to watch the old man losing his bodily fluids on himself because it’s a personal matter and it just needs to stay private and unseen by the public. In paragraph [8], Kristol again rebuts his major claim when he relates humans to animals. He claims sex is like death, it is found both within humans and animals. As Kristol (1971) says, â€Å"When sex is a public spectacle, a human relationship has been debased into a mere animal connection.† In paragraph [11] Kristol makes a major shift change from his claims in the previous paragraphs. The placement of this paragraph was poorly chosen because it steps outside of Kristol’s main argument, which states that humans and animals are the same. In paragraphs [5 and 7], Kristol uses the rebuttal method, which means to repeat the same point in different words. In paragraph five Kristol talks about public nudity and how it is so improper to have in our soci... ...ure condition has not improved as a result of the new freedom.† Kristol shows his major claims to the reader and makes a connection through rebuttal that gives his essay meaning. Kristol also uses very dramatic statements, which help his argument claims. Despite having these major claims he fails to show support to the reader that his facts are true. He has no hard-core evidence that supports his research. Even further he fails to connect with the opposing side about his argument about pornography, obscenity, and the case for censorship. References Faigley, L.& Selzer, J. (2000). Good reasons with contemporary arguments. Boston: Allyn & Bacon. Kristol, I. (1971). Pornography, obscenity, and the case for censorship. In L. Faigley & J. Selzer (Eds.), â€Å"Good reasons with contemporary arguments.† (pp. 535-538). Boston: Allyn & Bacon.

Monday, November 11, 2019

Milk Research Essay

Milk is ancient as mankind itself; many centuries ago humans learned how to consume the milk of other mammals following the domestication of different species of animals. These included cows, sheep, buffaloes, goats and camels, all still used today for human consumption. This development occurred independently in several parts of the world starting in Southwest Asia perhaps as early as 8000-6000 BC. In 1863 a great invention, the pasteurization, allowed to kill harmful bacteria in milk and milk products while in 1884 an American inventor, Hervey Thatcher, invented the first glass milk bottle (called â€Å"Thatcher’s Common Sense Milk Jar). The first plastic-coated bottles were introduced commercially in 1932. CONSUMPION WORLDWIDE Today there are more than 6 billion consumers of milk and milk products throughout the world even if the role of milk in the traditional diet is greatly different among regions; the majority of the consumers are in the developing countries but milk and its derivatives have not been a traditional food in tropical countries as they have been in northern regions of the world (Europe and North America). The reason for that is primary the difference in temperatures and in the possibilities of refrigeration. It is estimated that 12 to 14 percent of the world population, more than 750 million people, live within dairy farming households; for all these reason and for its prospective important role in improving nutrition, particularly in developing countries, milk is a good medium to reduce poverty and malnutrition in the world. As said before the total milk consumption, as fluid milk and its products, per person is not homogeneously distributed in the world even if the trend descript before is going to change and the market for milk is expanding in several places worldwide: over the past two decades, all developing country regions have seen an expansion in per capita consumption of dairy products. Increasing affluence in developing countries has led to a rise of milk consumption in recent years and these growing markets have attracted investment by multinational dairy firms; however, production in the majority of these countries remains on a small scale. Per Capita consumption of Milk and Milk products in various countries, 2006 data. | Country| Liquid Milk Drinks (Litres)| Cheeses (kg)| Butter (kg)| Finland| 183. 9| 19. 1| 5. 3| Sweden| 145. 5| 18. 5| 1. 0| Ireland| 129. 8| 10. 5| 2. 9| Netherlands| 122. 9| 20. 4| 3. 3| Norway| 116. 7| 16. 0| 4. 3| Spain (2005)| 119. 1| 9. 6| 1. 0| Switzerland| 112. 5| 22. 2| 5. 6| United Kingdom (2005)| 111. 2| 12. 2| 3. 7| Australia (2005)| 106. 3| 11. 7| 3. 7|. Canada (2005)| 94. 7| 12. 2| 3. 3| European Union (25 countries)| 92. 6| 18. 4| 4. 2| Germany| 92. 3| 22. 4| 6. 4| France| 92. 2| 23. 9| 7. 3| New Zealand (2005)| 90. 0| 7. 1| 6. 3| United States| 83. 9| 16. 0| 2. 1| Austria| 80. 2| 18. 8| 4. 3| Greece| 69. 0| 28. 9| 0. 7| Argentina (2005)| 65. 8| 10. 7| 0. 7| Italy| 57. 3| 23. 7| 2. 8| Mexico| 40. 7| 2. 1| N/A| China (2005)| 8. 8| N/A| N/A| | | | | Source: International Dairy Federation, Bulletin 423/2007. | PRODUCTION In 2010 the largest producer of milk and milk products was India followed by USA, China, Germany, Pakistan and Russia. The 27 countries of the European Union together produced about 138 million tones of milk in 2011. India is also the largest consumer of milk, yet neither exports nor imports milk. On the other hand New Zealand, The EU 27 member states, Australia and the US are the world’s largest exporters while China and Russia are the world’s largest importers of milk and milk products. Dairy and other livestock products have a high income-elasticity of demand, especially at low income levels. This means that increases in income leads to large increases in demand for these products. This analysis explains why milk and dairy consumption has increased so much in developing countries, as the GDP per capita has grown, and help to understand the production pattern that we see in these years. In fact, developing country growth in demand for and consumption of milk has been matched by increasing production and their production growth has significantly outpaced that of developed countries. Since the late 1980s a great part of the production growth has been concentrated in the developing countries. However, there are differences between developed and developing countries; most milk in developing countries is still produced in a small scale system with little or no mechanization or new technological innovations, although large-scale units can be found also in developing countries. The real growth pole of milk production in the developing countries has been South Asia, which has seen continuous and sustained growth in production. Today, India alone is responsible for almost a third of developing country production and 16% of global production. Latin America and the Caribbean is the second-largest regional producer, but with production having expanded at a slower rate than in South Asia. East and Southeast Asia, and especially China, has seen production grow at an extremely rapid pace over the past decade, but the region’s production levels are still far short of those of South Asia and Latin America. To summarize, the major milk production regions are: * South Asia: 23 percent of global production, mainly India and Pakistan. * EU-25: 21 percent, mainly Germany and France. * USA: 12 percent. * CIS: 10 percent, mainly the Russian Federation and Ukraine. * Latin America: 10 percent, mainly Argentina, Brazil, Colombia and Mexico. * East and Southeast Asia: 8 percent, mainly China and Japan. * Africa: 5 percent ? the largest milk-producing countries are Egypt, Kenya, South Africa and Sudan. * Oceania: 4 percent. * Near and Middle East: 4 percent, mainly Iran and Turkey. Production of the top five countries Cow milk dominates global commercial production: in 2011 FAO estimates that 85% of all milk worldwide was produced from cows. United States is the biggest cow milk producer, accounting for 14. 6% of world production, followed by India and China. For the last fifty years, the dairy sector in most developed countries has shifted towards bigger herd size and significantly higher annual milk production per cow. According to the International Committee for Animal Recording (ICAR) the herd size in developed countries in the period between 2001 and 2007 went from 74 to 99 cows per herd in 17 countries covering Europe, Asia, Australia and North America. However, there is a large variation among countries, ranging from 19 cows per herd in Norway to 337 on average in New Zealand. Annual milk production in the same period increased from 7,726 to 8,550 kg per recorded cow in these countries. The highest average production was obtained in Israel, amounting to 12,546 kg per cow, and the lowest in New Zealand with 3,974 kg per cow. This reflects different production systems. The system in New Zealand is based on all year grazing in contrast to Israel, where the system is based on in barn feeding with energy-rich total mixed rations. PRODUCTION OUTLOOK FOR NEXT YEARS World milk production in 2012 is forecast to grow by 2. 7 percent to 750 million tons. Asia is expected to account for most of the increase, with output in India forecast to rise by 5. 2 million tons to 12. 7 million tons. Dynamic domestic demand is the main engine stimulating growth, as India is largely absent from the international market for dairy products. An increased output is also expected in China, Pakistan and Turkey as the demand continues to increase. High rates of growth in production are expected in New Zealand and Australia as well, in order of 9% and 4% respectively. In the European Union the growth in milk output is expected to moderate in 2012–13 in response to lower profitability but production is projected to increase over the medium term. While the EU milk quota will increase by 1 per cent a year through to 2013–14 before complete removal of quotas from 1 April 2015, the quotas are unlikely to be a binding constraint on production. Over the past two years EU milk production was 6 to 7 per cent below the overall quota and production is expected to remain below quota until 2014–15. For what concern the trade of milk, Asia will continue to be the main market, with additional demand expected to come from countries such as China. Elsewhere, imports by Egypt may also grow, as could by Mexico and Venezuela. However, imports by Brazil may decrease, due to rising domestic milk production. Great increase in availabilities from pasture-based production in Argentina, New Zealand and Uruguay could stimulate their exports to rise by 12,8 and 5 percent respectively. The other principal trading countries as Australia, Belarus, the EU and the United States are anticipated to maintain their sales levels. INTERNATIONAL TRADE OF MILK AND MILK PRODUCTS Global trade in dairy products has increased significantly in value and volume terms over the last decades. Between 1980 and 2008, the volume of total dairy exports (expressed in milk equivalents) more than doubled, from 41. 7 million tons to 92. 2. Also the share in volume terms of production that enters international trade increased, from 8. 5 percent to 12. 6 percent for dairy products, (whit an annual growth in exports of 2. 9%), reflecting the increasing degree of openness to trade of the sector and influenced by heavy use of export subsidies, which supported shipments of developed countries’ dairy exports. However, due to the non-durable nature of dairy products, the share of output that is traded internationally still remains relatively low. The major part of dairy products are consumed within the country of production and do not be traded. In fact a few countries have a milk-surplus (Argentina, Australia, New Zealand, USA, Uruguay, countries of the EU and Eastern Europe while in most regions imports exceed exports, like in Algeria, China, Japan, Mexico, the Philippines and Russia. It is estimated that only around 6% of milk is traded across borders. Milk is mainly traded in the form of butter, milk powder and cheese, but also as concentrated milk, casein and butter oils. The EU and New Zealand are the biggest exporters of dairy products; major importers include China, Mexico, Japan, Algeria, Russia, Philippines and Saudi Arabia. Producer prices for milk differ significantly around the world: Latin America, South Asia and New Zealand are low cost producers; countries such as the EU and US are high cost producers like Switzerland, Norway and Canada. Over 90% of milk production in New Zealand is exported, and therefore milk prices in New Zealand provide a good indication of the prices on the world market. Traditionally, the milk price in New Zealand was about half the European milk price even if today EU milk prices are not that much above the New Zealand benchmark. International dairy trade pattern has traditionally been composed of exports from developed countries (EU, New Zealand, Australia, USA) to developing countries (China, Mexico, Algeria, Russia, Philippines, Saudi Arabia). New Zealand exports mainly to Asia, while EU exports mainly to Russia, North Africa and the Middle East. Although milk production is growing rapidly in many developing countries, so is domestic demand; thus only a few developing countries, probably in Latin America (Argentina, Brazil) are expected to become significant exporters of dairy products in the near future. TOP EXPORTERS Oceania: New Zealand and Australia (Oceania) presence on the international dairy markets has increased considerably after the elimination of domestic support and deregulation, but also after reduced market participation of some traditional exporters (notably from the EU). The global export market share of Oceania has risen from 20% in the 1980s to more than 40% today. The region has become an important driver of global dairy markets. NEW ZEALAND. In New Zealand the production of milk has been constantly raising until 17,895 tons in 2011. New Zealand produces about 2% of total world production at around 16 billion liters every year (New Zealand dairy production has risen 77% over the past 20 years) but, unlike most other countries, around 95% of its dairy production is exported rather than consumed by the domestic market. New Zealand is the major exporter of butter, with almost 44% of global exports and the major overall net exporter of dairy products whit a share of 35% of total trade. New Zealand is also an important exporter of skim and whole milk powders, contributing about 27% and 38%, respectively, of world trade. New Zealand dairy exports go to 151 countries; the key markets are China, the US, Japan and the EU. Production of milk, New Zealand New Zealand’s key export destinations AUSTRALIA Over the past two decades Australian milk production has been well above that volume required for domestic consumption, so that a significant proportion is destined for export markets. The share of total production exported has ranged from 40% to 60%. In the last three years Australia exported around 45% of its milk production which is the lowest proportion since the mid-1990s; so although Australia accounts for an estimated 2% of the world’s milk production, ranks third in terms of world dairy trade, with a 10% share, behind the European Union and New Zealand. Japan is the single most important export market for Australia, accounting for 19% of exports by value. Australian exports are concentrated in Asia, which represented 72% of the total dairy exports value of A$2. 4 billion in 2009/10. Australia’s top five export markets by volume in 2009/10 were Japan, Singapore, China, Indonesia and the Philippines. The fastest growing export market for Australia has been China. Production of milk, Australia EUROPEAN UNION European union accounts for 32% on the total trade of dairy products. The largest dairy products manufacturing sectors in terms of value added generated in 2006 were found in France (EUR 3. 2 billion), Germany (EUR 2. 6 billion) and Italy (EUR 2. 5 billion); together these three States contributed almost half (48. 1 %) of the EU-27’s value added. The dairy products manufacturing sectors of the United Kingdom and Spain were also relatively large; they accounted for a combined 18. 4 % of EU-27 output in 2005. Output grew at a faster rate than the EU-27 average in the three largest dairy producing countries during the ten-year period through to 2007. The strongest rates of growth, however, were recorded for Poland (on average rising by 4. 5 % per year) and Latvia (3. 0 % per year). Main trading partners of EU exports UNITED STATES The U. S. dairy industry is the sixth largest in the world in terms of milk production and represents more than 10% of the total world milk production in 2010. In terms of trade, around 13 percent of U. S. milk production was sold overseas in 2010. The total production is 193 billion pounds. In 2010, U. S. exports of cheese, total whey products, lactose and other dairy products were valued at $3. 71 billion, up 63 percent from the prior year. Export volume totaled 3. 04 billion pounds of U. S. U. S. dairy imports increased 2 percent in 2010 to $2. 60 billion. On a volume (total solids) basis, imports were the lowest since 1997. Export volume was more than four times the level of imports. Mexico, Southeast Asia and Canada are the main destinations for U. S. dairy products. In 2010, 12. 8% of U. S. milk production was sold overseas. On the other hand, New Zealand, Canada and Italy are the top three countries selling dairy products to the U. S. IMPORTERS Value of dairy products imports worldwide Major dairy products importers CHINA China has become a significant importer since 2009; for example it accounts for around 25% of world trade in whole milk powder (2011). This increase in imports has been driven by strong growth in domestic demand for dairy products and consumer concerns about the safety of domestically produced. Over the medium-term, China is expected to remain a significant importer of dairy products with a projected rise in milk production unlikely to match the expected growth in domestic demand. Chinese milk production has partially recovered since 2008 and is forecast to rise by 5% in 2012 to around 32. 2 million tons. While New Zealand is expected to remain the largest exporter of milk powders to China, the United States has the potential to expand its exports of skim milk powder to this market over the medium-term. China is likely to remain an important market for Australian exports of whole milk powder and cheese. RUSSIA Russia is expected to remain a significant importer of dairy products with further growth in domestic demand and limited increases in milk production. In 2011 Russia imported 130 000 tons of butter and 315 000 tons of cheese. TRADE POLICIES Developed countries have tended to protect and subsidize agricultural producers through various trade and agricultural policy instruments. Milk has been no exception and has indeed been one of the agricultural product which has seen the highest level of subsidies and protection, measured by the nominal rate of assistance (NRA). The NRA is an indicator that measures the percentage by which government policies have raised gross returns to farmers above what they would have been without government intervention. TRADE POLICIES (IMPORT) Many countries introduced measures to limit dairy imports. Brazil in 2004 decided to extend for an indefinite time the minimum export price requirement for imports from Argentina and Uruguay which was put in place in 2001. The extension was supported by Brazilian milk producers and opposed by the dairy industries of Argentina and Uruguay. In 2002, Colombia introduced a ban on imports of milk powder that was continued until April 2004. The government is following a policy of prohibiting imports and encouraging exports to support the national dairy sector. In recent years, difficulties have arisen with trade in milk powder with Venezuela which is a traditional market for Colombia. TRADE POLICIES (EXPORT) Following the fall in international prices from 2001, a number of countries raised subsidies on exports, in order to allow their domestic industries to compete on the world market. In the case of the EU and the United States, subsidies rose significantly during most of 2002. Towards the end 2002 and for 2003, the level of export subsidies by the United States fell as international prices rose. In the EU, export subsidies remained high principally as a result of appreciation of the Euro. BILATERAL AND MULTILATERAL TRADE ARRANGEMENTS Australia and Thailand finalized a Free Trade Agreement in 2005 which cut tariffs for Australian dairy products. The agreement maintains restricted quota entry for dairy products but progressive access to Australian exports are allow over a 20 years period. United States concluded free-trade agreements with several Central American countries (Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras and Nicaragua) and the Dominican Republic. The countries involved will gain greater access to the US market, while many US exports will receive duty free treatment. Chile has signed a number of bi-lateral free trade agreements which include market access quotas for dairy products. These were signed with the United States, the European Union, and the Korean Republic. The agreements provide for annually increasing duty-free quota access and progressively reduced duties on out-of-quota exports. Russia and New Zealand signed a bilateral trade agreement in 2003. The agreement sets maximum levels for tariffs on dairy imports and provides security for New Zealand’s dairy access should Russia join the WTO. POLITICAL ISSUE: THE EU DAIRY REGIME Milk production comprises around 13% of the EU’s total agricultural production. The EU’s export surplus is small, around 5% of total production but accounts for around one-third of total world exports. The EU milk price is supported through high tariffs and export subsidies. High tariffs mean that the EU market for dairy products is effectively closed to imports from third countries. Reliance on export subsidies has been reduced in recent years as world market prices for dairy products have firmed and the EU specializes more in the export of higher-value cheese. However, they were temporarily re-introduced in 2009 as a mechanism to support milk prices in response to the very low prices in that year. Since 1984, the volume of milk produced in the EU has been limited by a quota although in recent years EU production has been below the quota ceiling. This quota arrangement is due to be eliminated from 2015. Simulations of the consequences of liberalizing the EU dairy market have been complicated by the simultaneous existence of high supported prices (which stimulate production) and the quota policy (which limits production). Some studies concluded that EU liberalization (defined as eliminating both protection and quotas) would result in increased EU production and net exports; others find that the protective effect of import tariffs outweighs the supply-constraining effect of quotas and that full liberalization would result in lower EU production and net exports. It seems now that the two policy changes will not occur simultaneously. The decision to abolish quotas from 2015 is now an EU commitment, while tariff changes will not happen now. The most recent simulation study of quota abolition for the Commission, estimates that it will lead to an increase of milk production of 4-5%, with a consequent fall in internal EU prices of around 10% (IPTS 2009). Other observers note that many Member States no longer are filling their quotas. With lower internal prices and demand growth within the EU, they expect quota abolition in 2015 to have only a limited impact on EU milk supply (OECD/FAO 2010). Quota elimination without reducing or removing the protective effect of EU tariffs means that EU dairy production will be higher, and consumption of dairy products lower. This will amplify the EU milk surplus and depress the level of EU imports, and thus depress world market prices below the level they would otherwise be. EU high value cheese exports have a global market, but milk powder exports are sold mainly to developing countries (North Africa, Middle East and Sub-Saharan Africa). In many African countries, EU competition has been criticized for undermining dairy development. Imports of milk powder were seen as responsible for the failed attempts to establish dairy plants to provide the national market with milk, butter and other basic products. On the other hand someone says that EU imports increase the availability of dairy products and benefit consumers who might not otherwise be able to access to dairy products. In many African countries domestic supply cannot satisfy the growing domestic demand. Products based on imported milk powder often target a different market segment to that served by the local informal dairy sector. Processing plants built initially to handle imported powder can also act as a stimulus to the development of a local dairy industry. The truth might between these two opinions: given the actual local production and the low purchasing power of people, imported milk and dairy products are in the short term the only possible way to provide population’s request. High costs of production and inefficient marketing channels make local fresh milk more expensive than imported one. At the same time the existence of cheap dairy imports discourages processing plants from investing in local milk collection. By only reducing EU dairy exports to Africa African dairy production would not be immediately free because there are an increasing number of other low-cost exporters ready to enter the market. However, the availability of EU surplus powdered milk on the world market remains unfair competition, limiting the growth of the dairy sector in developing countries and undermining the incentives for farmers to boost local production to keep track with the growing demand. SOURCES * http://www. fao. org/index_en. htm * http://faostat3. fao. org/home/index. html * http://www. usda. gov/wps/portal/usda/usdahome * http://www. clal. it/en/ * http://www. ifcnnetwork. org/en/start/index. php * http://www. globaldairytrade. info/Home. aspx * http://www. milkproduction. com/ * http://www. dairyco. org. uk/ * http://www. dairynz. co. nz/page/pageid/2145859475/International_Visitors * http://www. euromilk. org/eda/index. aspx * http://www. dairyaustralia. com. au/ *.

Saturday, November 9, 2019

Night: Elie Wiesel, Literary Analsis Essay

The story is a sad one; one filled with despair around every corner and past every page. We begin to look on the characters that helped to create and personify the horror of the Holocaust. From Elie, to his father, Shlomo, or to the woman on the bus, and Moishe the Beadle; how does the character of Elie Wiesel, Change throughout the story – because he does. As we attempt to pick the brain of our author we begin to see the mastermind behind the novel, and maybe even understand some of the horror inked into the pages. First of all, let’s note the differences between our main character and the author. Noting the change between these two is essential, it will help better understand the change of Elie in the story. They are the same person but as it is hard to write about and relive the events of the holocaust for our author, he changes a lot of the minor details to create a line between Elie and himself. Examples of this can be found in the book; while Wiesel writes that Elie injures his foot in the concentration camp, the reality is that Wiesel injures his knee. (Editoral) This book was not written to be a documentary, but an emotional journal, a purging of experience onto the pages of the book. To, in a way, offer some insight and knowledge, in an attempt to try and erase some of the ignorance surrounding the holocaust. Elie’s most fundamental beliefs are tested in these happenings, his faith most of all. His faith in God, the judicial system, and in human beings in general is tested like never before. We look at Elie Wiesel, our author and narrator who is a young boy that is forced through a lot of torment. As a boy he was fond of his father, would do anything to protect him, his whole family for that matter, they were closely knit. Moishe came to Shlomo and his family and tried to warn them of the imminent danger. To try and help them flee before it was too late, but it was all in vain. The Hungarian Police invade the small home town of Sighet and, by force, remove the Jews from their homes. The revulsions of the Concentration camp named Auschwitz’s Block 17 turn him into a battered man faster than he could have imagined. â€Å"Everybody out! Leave everything inside. Hurry up† they were forced to leave the place they called home with such speed and abrupt force; he really didn’t have time to adjust. Block 17 did the adjusting for him. Elie grew up well off and didn’t have enough experience to know that food was not something that one should take for granted. He refused his first ration of food in the concentration camp, still silently holding off hope that this would all be over soon. He was thinking that soon he would be able to go home, to be back to doing what he was used to. Little did he know, the same bowl of soup he passed up would one day get one of his Jewish colleagues shot and killed. Elie says; â€Å"I became A-7713. From then on, I had no other name. † Stripped of his name, age, hair, clothing, dignity, personality, and life, he continued to live as a number in the Nazi Concentration camp. Furthermore we consider the character of Eli’s father, Shlomo, and the role he played in the transformation of Elie. His character remains pretty much unchanged throughout the whole story. We don’t hear much about how Shlomo feels about the Holocaust; all that we hear is how his father being in the holocaust affects Elie. We often hear Elie say that he wish he had done something about all the torture he had to endure. The reason Auschwitz’s was so bad for Elie, was mostly because he knew his dad was there going through the same things that he was. This hurt Elie, and broke him almost to the bone. His dad is the only reason that he doesn’t break, however; Elie feels like he has to stay strong for Shlomo. Elie is changed from the young wealthy boy with the perfect life to the prison hardened young man with nothing to look forward to. He is forced to watch his father suffer through torture. He is more than the average protagonist; the antagonist in this story is the whole rest of the world. He is limited by his religion and the forces surrounding him to be something that he is not. He loved his father would do anything for him; he makes unthinkable decisions that will protect them in the end. Elie survives the worst of conditions, the harshest of attitudes, and the most unthinkable predicaments. He is indeed a warrior; and a worthy survivor of the Holocaust.

Thursday, November 7, 2019

Sleep Cycle Essays

Sleep Cycle Essays Sleep Cycle Essay Sleep Cycle Essay Its natural to blame sleep problems on stress or physical changes that come with age. But many cases of either sleeplessness or poor sleep are caused by a handful of specific problems, most of them fixable with lifestyle changes or the help of a doctor. Here, five little-known causes of sleep problems and what to do about them. 1. Light How it disrupts sleep: You probably already know that when you stay up late under bright lights, you interrupt your bodys natural sleep-wake cycle, because light tricks your brain into remaining in daylight mode. Less well known is that the light from computer screens and iPads shining directly into your eyes at close range is especially troublesome. Why? Part of the problem is that the light from these devices is at the blue end of the spectrum, which scientists believe is particularly disruptive to circadian rhythms. Blue light, although common during the day, doesnt occur naturally during the evening. Similarly, light shining in your eyes while you sleep even very small amounts coming from, say, a lighted clock makes your brain think its morning and emerge out of deep sleep. Darkness triggers production of the hormone melatonin, the hormone that triggers sleepiness and the onset of sleep. Light prevents this release or shuts it off. The evidence: Studies have long shown that shift workers and those who work late at night have poorer sleep and higher incidences of certain conditions associated with lack of sleep than those who regularly sleep eight or nine hours at night. A recent study published in Cancer Causes amp; Control, for example, found that the countries generating the most light at night have the highest incidence of breast cancer. And studies at the Light Research Center at Thomas Jefferson University in Philadelphia have found that the use of computers, lighted readers, and TVs at close range is tied to a higher incidence of sleeplessness. Whos at risk: Everyone exposed to light shortly before bed or during sleep. Light is also bad for hearts, which need deep sleep to recharge. Surprising fact: Every year theres a spike in the number of heart attacks just after the start of daylight savings time in the spring. What to do: Dim the lights and turn off all lighted screens at least an hour before bed. If you use a reading light, make sure its not any brighter than necessary and doesnt shine in your eyes. Do a light police room check: Are there streetlights outside your windows? Use blackout curtains or shades and make sure they fit the windows tightly so no light seeps in around the edge. Charge laptops, phones, cameras, and other devices in another room. Use an alarm clock without a lighted dial, or turn it to face the wall. Keep a flashlight next to your bed and use it whenever you have to get up to use the bathroom or let the dog out and be careful to point it away from yourself so you dont look into the beam. Dont turn on an overhead light, and never use nightlights. If you must use a laptop, turn down the screen brightness as low as you can tolerate and prop the laptop as far away from you as your typing arms will reach. If you love eReaders, try a Kindle or other device with a screen thats not backlit. 2. Pain How it disrupts sleep: Just about any kind of pain signals sent by the brain jaw pain, headaches, back pain, or arthritis, for example disrupt sleep, lifting you from the deep, restful REM cycle into lighter sleep or causing you to sleep fitfully and partially wake up over and over, which experts call microarousals. The evidence: Surveys of chronic pain sufferers reveal that between 60 and 90 percent sleep poorly. But many dont realize that their pain is the cause of their poor sleep. This can become a vicious cycle, says Thomas Roth of the Sleep Disorders and Research Center at the Henry Ford Hospital in Detroit, because even partial sleep disruptions can increase sensitivity to pain. In other words, even mild pain causes poor sleep, which in turn leads to more pain. Whos at risk: Anyone who suffers chronically painful conditions such as arthritis, back or neck pain, jaw alignment problems, dental pain, fibromyalgia, headaches, or any other type of chronic pain. Note: The p ain doesnt need to be severe; studies show that even mild pain disrupts sleep. According to Roth, frequent microarousals can occur throughout the night without your being aware of them. The result is that you never attain deep REM cycle sleep and wake up feeling tired and grumpy, but you dont know why. What to do: Take steps to treat your pain proactively. Using over-the-counter pain relief is a start, but its always best to consult with a doctor and develop a comprehensive pain-relief program. For example, you may need physical therapy to combat back and neck pain, or migraine medication if your frequent headaches might be migraines. If bruxism (teeth grinding) or jaw clenching is leading to jaw pain, a mouth guard is often the solution. 3. Disrupted breathing How it disrupts sleep: When oxygen flow to the brain is interrupted, your brain sends a warning signal that wakes you up either fully or partially, causing fitful sleep or preventing deep, restful sleep. The result: You wake feeling like you didnt sleep well, even if you were out for nine hours straight. The best known version of this is apnea, which is a complete stoppage of breathing. A much more common and less recognized problem is upper airway resistance syndrome, or UARS. In UARS, structural blockages somewhere in the airway nasal congestion, your tongue falling back and blocking the back of the throat, or just having a smaller airway to begin with begin to interfere with the flow of air. What happens is that you wake up over and over again without knowing it, but the sleep interruptions last only a few seconds, too short to be detected by a standard sleep apnea test. The evidence: Even subtle levels of restricted breathing can lead to deep brain stimulation and arousals that prevent your ability to stay in deep sleep, says otolaryngologist Steven Park, an otolaryngologist and author of Sleep, Interrupted: A Physician Reveals the #1 Reason Why So Many of Us Are Sick and Tired. You dont realize youre waking up, but your brain wakes up, so its now in a light sleep. We see people who are waking up 100 times a night. Whos at risk: People who breathe through their mouths or have chronic congestion, such as from asthma or allergies. If you sleep more poorly on your back, this can be a sign of UARS, because when you sleep on your back your tongue is more likely to sink back and block the entrance to your throat. If you have a narrow face, a thin neck, or had extensive orthodontic work to correct a crowded jaw, youre likely to be at particular risk for UARS, says Park. What to do: Start with some self-tests. Try using pillows to keep yourself on your side, or put a tennis ball in the back pocket of pajama bottoms, so you cant sleep on your back. If your nose often feels stuffed up, you might find relief with breathing strips, available at the drugstore. Another option is to try is a device designed to hold the nostrils open; brand names include Nozovent and Breathe with Eez. A saline nasal spray works for many people. If you have congestion due to seasonal allergies, try an antihistamine. (But if you take one that can act as a stimulant, such as Claritin or Sudafed, dont take it too close to bedtime. ) If none of these help, ask your doctor to refer you to an ear, nose, and throat (ENT) specialist, who can evaluate whether youre a candidate for Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP), a nasal mask that delivers air directly through your airways. An ENT can also determine whether tongue position is causing your UARS, in which case a dental device that pushes the jaw and tongue forward can help. For many people, losing a few pounds can be the ticket to better sleep, since excess weight is linked to all kinds of breathing problems, including UARS, snoring, and sleep apnea. 4. Medications How they disrupt sleep: Medications sometimes have side effects that trigger sleeplessness or interfere with deep sleep. Most common culprits: asthma medications, corticosteroids, blood pressure medications, and antidepressants. Also, many ingredients in common medications act as stimulants. They may cause jitteriness during the day and trigger sleeplessness or prevent deep sleep at night. Example: Bronchodilators like albuterol and salmeterol, commonly used to treat asthma, bronchitis, and COPD, can amp you up and interfere with sleep, yet patients are often directed to use them at the end of the day. Other common medications that can interfere with sleep include SSRIs, such as Prozac and Paxil, and beta-blockers taken for high blood pressure and heart disease. Sometimes medications sabotage your sleep indirectly. Diuretics, for example, can interfere with sleep by causing you to use the bathroom at night. Tagamet (generic name cimetidine), taken to control reflux and ulcers, can cause sleeplessness, especially when combined with caffeine or other medications. Like many side effects, sleeplessness from medications can affect some people but not others; Propecia, used to treat hair loss, and the antihistamine loratadine (brand name Claritin) are both known to cause sleeplessness in a percentage of those who take them. Some people react to opioid pain medications with rebound sleeplessness, feeling sleepy at first but then waking up and being unable to get back to sleep. The evidence: Although every medication is tested for side effects during the FDA approval process, in many cases evidence of side effects mounts over time as a drug enters more widespread use. Albuterol has been widely reported to cause restlessness, nervousness, and sleeplessness. An article in the European Journal of Clinical Pharmacology also found that beta-blockers interfere with melatonin release. Recent studies have found that Prozac, Zoloft, Celexa, and other SSRIs affect sleep in a significant number of patients. If youre using an antidepressant, be sure to talk to your psychiatrist about any possible sleep problems and ask about alternative antidepressants if this is an issue. Whos at risk: Those taking regular medication for a chronic condition such as asthma, depression, high blood pressure, or pain. A medication that you take once is less likely to cause an ongoing sleep issue because you take it for a short period of time and are more likely to notice the side effect. When you have a chronic condition, youre more likely to attribute any sleep problems to the condition rather than the treatment. What to do: Any time youre prescribed a new medication, ask the doctor to discuss in detail all side effects you should be alert to. Its always a good idea to ask both the doctor and the pharmacist, How will this medication affect my sleep? Because some medications cause sleepiness, some interfere with sleep, and some do both, asking the question in an open-ended way will get you the most information. 5. Depression How it disrupts sleep: Fatigue is one of the most prevalent symptoms of depression, yet many people dont realize how closely related depression and poor sleep can be. Depression wreaks havoc with your natural biological rhythms; many people with depression have trouble getting out of bed in the morning, and they oversleep or get fatigued and nap during the day. Yet their sleep is fitful and of poor quality, so despite spending more hours ostensibly sleeping or trying to sleep, they dont feel well rested. Then at night, depression sufferers often have trouble maintaining a regular bedtime routine. Having slept late in the morning or napped late in the day, they may not feel sleepy. Anxiety, which often accompanies depression, may cause excessive late-night worry that contributes to sleeplessness. The evidence: Because the relationship between depression and insomnia is a chicken-and-egg cycle, experts have studied it from both directions. Psychological studies have found that a high proportion of those with depression suffer from either sleeplessness or disrupted sleep, and a recent study by the University of Maryland found that 40 to 60 percent of people

Monday, November 4, 2019

Biopoem

Who would like to see himself as a personal trainer, his son more than once a week, a raise on his paycheck Resident of a rented house in a rundown neighborhood Doe (Section 1) After reading the bio-poem, describe John Doe without just copying the words from his poem. 100 words minimum. John is a broken man. He does not have any self-confidence. He seems to want good things out of life although he is not willing to work for it. He seems to quite whenever anything gets hard instead of fighting for what he wants he gives up too quickly. I believe that he loves his son very much ad he settles for whatever whoever wants. He isn’t fighting for more time with his son although that is what he wants. He seems to be stuck in a job that he really does not want to be in and he seems too scared to go after what he really wants out of life. (Section 2) In units 9 amp; 10 you learned that your future is up to you, and how to build your own self image. Using the ideas you learned in these units, what advice would you give to John and why? 100 word minimum. My advice for John would be to go back to school and get his personal training degree. Work very hard to accomplish his goals and dreams for a better job ad future. He needs to go to the court system and file for more visitation time with his son. He has as good as chance as anyone to fulfill his dreams and aspirations for his future. John seems to be a very good person who has a good heart and will do anything he can to help anyone I need. The reason I would give John this advice is because I some ways I am a lot like him with the wanting a better job and wanting to better myself for my child. After he gets his schooling over with he can get a better job and it would be very likely he could buy a house instead of having to rent I a bad neighborhood. (Section 3) Now that you have described John, you will write a bio-poem about you. Below is the bio-poem format for your reference. Your first name 4 words that describe you Son or daughter of†¦. Who loves†¦(3 things) Who feels†¦(3 things) Who needs†¦(3 things) Who gives†¦(3 things) Who fears†¦(3 things) Who would like to see†¦(3 things) Resident of†¦ Your last name Write your bio-poem below following the format given above. Hollie Hard working, kind, dependable, mother Daughter of a single mother and absent father Who loves her daughter, husband, animals Who feels loved, happy, tired Who needs a better job, more pay, and more time Who gives help to others, lots of love, understanding Who fears not being good enough, losing my family, failure of any kind Who would like to see world peace, less hunger in the world, a better economy Resident of a small rented farm house that needs a lot of work Allen (Section 4) After completing your bio-poem, read it over. Then reflect on what you are learning in Thought Patterns for a Successful Career. Now write some advice to yourself below. 100 word minimum I am learning that there really is more to me than I have ever realized. I am a good person and I actually care about others more than one should in my line of work. I have the tendency to get attached to the residents that I take care of more than you should. I am just as good as the next person. I am worthy as anyone else to have a better life all I have to do is go after it. As long as I apply myself to the best of my ability and work for it. I can do anything I set my mind to. I am going to show my daughter that no matter where you come from I this life if you want something bad enough and you go after it with your whole heart and put all you got in it you can accomplish anything. It really doesn’t matter if your childhood was grand or if you have had to fight for anything and everything you have always gotten anything is possible if you believe in yourself and apply yourself.

Saturday, November 2, 2019

Senior Project - Team Contract Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Senior Project - Team Contract - Essay Example The deadline for turning in the work should be set well before the final deadline so that any changes that need to be made can be accomplished. The best case scenario would be to see that all components are turned in at least two days before the deadline so that the work can be assessed for its value by all of the members of the team. By creating this deadline, the group can ensure that there is enough time for all aspects of the project to be perfected after evaluations by each member. If a member does not turn in their work by the team deadline it will give the team time to compensate for this problem. Lack of participation will be incorporated into the notes that will be made on the overall project and reported according to the guidelines that are provided for the project. Team leadership will be selected according to a group discussion. However, the best teams are not divided by leadership, but by responsibilities. Therefore, the team leader will have the responsibility of making sure that all aspects of the project are in on time, but will not be given the powers to rule over issues that occur during the project nor be given the power to veto aspects of the project. The goal will be to work as a team in such a way as to encourage the strengths of each team member and compensate for any weakness. The team leader will organize the details of the project, but will not have the power to control the project. This should be a collaborative effort, rather than ruled by a dictator. Section III In order to deal with team conflict, it will be necessary to put into place a way to negate any disagreements on how the team should progress towards its goals. Conflicts can occur due to a number of different problems that might arise during the project. Seeing the project through different ideas will be the first potential problem. A team vote on how to focus the project from the beginning will help to negate this potential problem. Making sure that all members are on boar d and agree on how the project should proceed will be the best way to prevent problems from the beginning. A second problem that might arise involves the issues of strengths and weaknesses. Before tasks are given to each of the members, it is important that each member identifies which parts of the project will give them the best opportunity to excel and which aspects are representatives of weaknesses. Creating a chart that identifies all tasks and allowing members to identify their strengths and weaknesses will assist in giving responsibilities and in balancing out where weaknesses are shown. The team agrees to handle all conflicts through mature and reasonable methods of communications. The team agrees that it will not argue, but discuss any disagreements on the project and that it will be necessary to sometimes deal with conflicts that arise. Through a recognition that the potential for a disagreement exists, it is clear that the project members are willing to work through any pr oblems that might come to light. As disagreements come to light, the differing sides of the problem will be discussed through breaking down each element of the disagreement, assessing which portions are similar and which elements require a decision or